Abandoned pit quarry with extensive debris flows, in which roofing slate of the Moravian Formation was mined from the mid-18th century. The depth of the flooded quarry is 36 m and today it is used for recreation and training of divers.
Shale deposit in ku. Svobodné Heřmanice reaches a thickness of approx. 25 m, is placed in a direction of 25° NE and a tilt of 65-70° with a dip to the NW. The local shale reaches a hardness of 2-2.5 degrees, has a black-gray color with a matte shine and a smooth surface on the cleavage surfaces. In the second half of the 19th century, the high quality of the Hermanic raw material made possible the great development of roofing slate mining. At first, the owners of individual plots were engaged in mining, later the plots began to be rented for a fee or a share of the profit, which made it possible to merge and enlarge pit quarries. In the second half of the 19th century, primitive mining still prevailed. Slate was broken, split and processed with simple tools, raw materials and waste were transported using wheelbarrows and wooden wheels, and products were transported by horse-drawn carts. From the deeper pits, the rock was pulled out by jacks suspended on a pulley, later by small carts pulled along the rails by means of gentours powered by human power, at greater depths horses were harnessed for propulsion, in the 20th century steam and electric machines were used. Rainwater and ground water were pumped by hand pumps, later by wind-powered pumps.
In the 1860s, a steam pump was used for the first time. In 1880, the Erste österreichisch-schlesische Schieferbruchgesellschaft Alscher, Czernoch & Comp. in Eckersdorf und Frei Hermersdorf, the main activity of the company was the purchase of slate products from small entrepreneurs from Svobodné Heřmanice, Jakartovice and Bohdanovice and the further sale of these products. Around 1860, the Hermanice slate quarries employed around 100 to 150 employees. The largest quarries were owned by the company Gebauer, Hanel & Comp. During the First World War, there was a complete suppression of mining. After the war, it was managed to be restored, but the pre-war market fell apart, the situation was complicated by the customs regulations of the newly determined borders and competition from other roofing products increased. Even so, in 1925, the factory of slate roofing and tiles in Svobodné Heřmanice employed 130 employees. During the Second World War, there was again a decline in the market and a reduction in production. Mining was resumed already in 1945 under the leadership of the national administrator Antonín Tulinge. At the time, 120 mainly German-speaking workers worked in the quarries, but with the post-war deportation of the Germans, there was a shortage of experienced specialists and mining was terminated in 1948. At that time, the quarry was already overloaded, reaching a considerable depth of around 75 to 80 m and a length of approx. 500 m. It was necessary to continue with a deep opening, which the local agricultural cooperative attempted. Due to the unprofessional procedure during the opening, the overburden was moved, as well as the problem with the mine water, and the failure to manage it led to the fact that the mining of slate was definitively stopped in Svobodné Heřmanice and the quarry was subsequently left to flood.
Činný důl existující od začátku 20. století na břehu Budišovky, opuštěný na konci druhé světové války, s těžbou obnovenou v roce 1971. The local slate is of very high quality and has been used to cover many historical monuments throughout our territory, e.g. the roofing for the National Theatre. Today, it is one of the continuators of the tradition of deep shale mining in the territory of the candidate geopark.
After agreement with the mining organization, it is possible to visit the heaps, the mined raw material and, by agreement, also visits to the underground. The Slate Trail, a nature trail with stops dedicated to the local geology and mineral extraction, runs through the site.
An abandoned quarry reveals one of the most visited geological sites in the Moravian-Silesian Kulm. On the northern wall of the quarry are exposed striated and tectonized sediments of the Hradec-Kyjovice strata with a predominance of crumbs. Vergence of the furrows towards the east is evidence of movements in the Variscan orogenic foreland. On the eastern wall of the quarry a large layered area with mechanoglyphs is exposed.
Abandoned and partially flooded wall quarry founded in the debris of the Moravian and Hradec Kiovice formations. The length of the quarry is 178 m, the depth is 12 m. Mining took place here until 1964, after which it was flooded with groundwater. The finer-grained upper parts are very rich in fossil flora (Asterocalamites scrobitulatus) and ichnofauna (mainly Cosmorhape kettneri, Cruziana, Diplocraterio, Rhizocorallium, Planolites etc.).
Abandoned flooded quarries and mines after the mining of roofing slates. In the locality there is a torso of buildings, piled retaining walls and massive waste slate waste. Tunnels are EVL, objects of protection are airplanes.
The deposit has two different types of shale, one with a hardness of 2.5 degrees, dark blue to black-gray color and regular shale. The second type shows grade 3 hardness with transverse schistosity. The deposit is interspersed with a number of weaker sandy inclusions with a greater concentration of quartz, which accessoryly contain other minerals. Slate deposits in the Jakartovice locality were uncovered by surface openings at the beginning of the 19th century. Mining in deep pit quarries in both localities took place technologically in the same way as in Svobodné Heřmanice. It was only later, in Jakartovice, in the northern part of the deposit, that they switched to deep mining by digging an inclined pit to a depth of 40 m. Mining was carried out by chambering towards the field on cuttings 12 to 18 m high and 10 m long, leaving securing pillars. The local raw material was mainly used for the production of roofing flakes distributed after important constructions. Local products reached Vienna, Wroclaw, Leipzig, Berlin, Lviv and other cities. According to the municipal chronicle, after the return of the wagons, there was a big celebration in the local inns, and so-called wagon songs were created. The local slate quarries were among the largest in the area and employed an estimated 100 to 150 people from the mid-19th century.
Since 1883, there has been an Eblum and Saulich roof tile factory in Jakartovice, which ceased operations during the Second World War, as did the surrounding quarries. After the war and the removal of the German population, the slate quarries were taken over by the national administration of the Central Economic Warehouse in Opava. Operation of a factory of supplies for roofers, slate processing J.Saulich and spol. it was completed in 1951. At the western end of Jakartovice, by the road to Bohdanovice, there is another tunnel. Her name is Hermione. It was excavated in the years 1991-1992 as part of a geological survey, the tunnel was supposed to reach all three slate belts of the deposit. Only 413 m of 2.5 x 2.3 m profile was driven on the opening tunnel and work was stopped. Today the gallery is being liquidated.
Abandoned flooded quarries after roofing slate extraction. The site contains stacked retaining walls and massive waste slate dumps. A particular feature of this upland site is several flooded quarries from slate extraction. A nature trail dedicated to the local flora and fauna runs through the site. Historical documents document extensive mining using mechanised transport in the pit quarries.
Historic three-storey mine, not open to the public. The Black Mine is a unique old mine surrounded by a massive tailings dam. Nearby is the torso of an old mining building. The underground spaces consist of passages and chambers reaching up to 20 m high, 15 m wide and 80 m long. Most of the spaces are filled with stonework with many joints suitable for hibernating bats. The lower floors collect underground water, which flows through the rubble in the lowest part of the mine. The Slate Trail leads to the Black Mine. The site is popular with hikers and especially trekkers.
The walls of an old quarry exposing the sandy facies of Lower Baden with a total thickness of 15 m. These represent the relics of the original Lower Baden filling of the valley, which was cut into the Lower Carboniferous clasts and slates of today's Oder Hills at the border of the Carpathians and Baden.
The site of a former slate quarry with an exposed sample wall of a fissile deposit and the ruins of buildings in the vicinity is a popular camping site for tramps.
The Hermanic bearing strip continues in a southeasterly direction to the Pusté Držkovice cadastre. In the Hermanice cadastre, it is opened by several exploratory pits and notches. There is a pit quarry in the cadastre of Pusté Držkovice near the Heřminové potok. This is probably a place rented by Karl Baron von Callot around 1850. Callot tried to mechanize the mining and processing of slate, he used machines for mining, some of which were driven by a water wheel. It is still possible to observe the ruins of the regulated flow of the Heřminový potok in the vicinity of the quarry.
In the vicinity of Bohdanovice shale was quarried in pit and wall quarries. The northern locality lies on Klapetkova Hill on the continuation of the Jakartovice deposit. The southern locality is more extensive and is represented by a large pit quarry on the slope of Strážný Hill. In the vicinity of the quarry there are ruins of buildings and foundations of gates for inclined traffic grooves. Similarly to Jakartovice, a deep opening was established in the overburdened quarry on Strážný Hill. The quarry was opened with a vertical pit about 50 m deep, underground mining was carried out by chambering towards the field. The entrance is now blocked.
